Pheliso ea Khatello ea Transformer le Mekhoa ea ho Khetholla Liphoso

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1. Selelekela

 

Ka har'a oli-liphetoho tse qoelitsoeng ka har'a oli, ho fetoha ha khatello ea ka hare ke karolo e tloaelehileng ea ts'ebetso. Ha oli ea transformer e futhumala le ho pholile nakong ea potoloho ea ho kenya, sebaka sa khase se tiisitsoeng ka har'a tanka sea hola le ho etsa likonteraka, se bakang ho feto-fetoha ha khatello butle butle ka har'a sebaka se koaletsoeng sa transformer. Tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng a ts'ebetso, liphetoho tsena tsa khatello li etsahala butle-butle 'me haholo-holo li amahanngoa le ho fetoha ha mocheso le mocheso oa motlakase.

Leha ho le joalo, liphoso tsa ka hare tsa motlakase li baka boitšoaro bo fapaneng ka ho feletseng ba khatello. Liketsahalo tse kang ho hloleha ha matsoelintsoeke kapa li-arcing tse ka hare li ka senya oli e kenang khase ka potlako, ea hlahisa leqhubu la khatello ea tšohanyetso ka har'a tanka. Hobane liphoso tsena-ho phahama ha khatello ho etsahala ka har'a milliseconds, li-transformer ha li hloke feela lisebelisoa tsa ho imolla khatello, empa li boetse li hloka lisebelisoa tsa ho lemoha liphoso tse khonang ho lemoha boitšoaro bo sa tloaelehang ba khatello pele tanka e hloleha.

Ka lebaka lena, litsamaiso tsa sejoale-joale tsa ts'ireletso ea li-transformer li arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e 'meli e meholo:

• Mekhoa ea ho imolla khatello
• Sistimi ea ho lemoha liphoso

Filosofi ena ea ts'ireletso ea lera e bonts'oa haholo ho litekanyetso tsa IEEE C57 le mekhoa ea meralo ea li-transformer tsa IEC 60076.

 

2. Phallo ea Khatello vs Ho Fumana Phoso

 

Leha mantsoe a "pholiso ea khatello" le "ho lemoha liphoso" ka linako tse ling a sebelisoa ka mokhoa o fapaneng indastering ea li-transformer, a sebetsa mesebetsi e fapaneng haholo.

Sesebelisoa sa ho fokotsa khatello ea transformer se etselitsoe ho lokolla khatello e feteletseng ea tanka e le ho thibela ho senyeha ha mochini kapa ho phatloha ha tanka ea transformer. Lisebelisoa tsena li arabela haholo-holo ho boholo ba khatello le ho theha motheo oa mekhoa ea tšireletso ea khatello ea transformer.

Lisebelisoa tsa ho lemoha liphoso, ka lehlakoreng le leng, li shebella lebelo kapa litšobotsi tsa phetoho ea khatello e amanang le liphoso tsa motlakase tse ka hare. Ho e-na le ho lokolla khatello, li hlahisa alamo kapa matšoao a leeto ho arola transformer tsamaisong ea matla.

Phapang ena e ba ea bohlokoa le ho feta ha boholo ba transformer le boemo ba matla a fosahetseng bo ntse bo eketseha.

 

Letlapa la 1 - Phapang Pakeng Tsa Phallo ea Khatello le Ho Fumana Phoso

3. Lisebelisoa tsa ho Fokotsa Khatello ea Transformer

 

3.1 Sehlopha sa Phallo ea Khatello (PRV)​​​​​​​

The Pressure Release Valve e etselitsoe ho sireletsa tanka ea transformer khahlanong le khatello e feteletseng kahare. Hang ha khatello ea tanka e fihla khatellong ea ho lokolloa, valve e tla buleha ka bo eona ho lokolla khase ho fihlela khatello e theohela khatellong e sireletsehileng. Ho phaella moo, neng kapa neng ha ho hlokahala, basebelisi ba lumelloa hore ba sebelise valve ea khatello ea khatello ka letsoho lits'ebetsong tsa transformer ka ho hula lesale la ts'ebetso ho fokotsa khatello ea ka hare.

Tlas'a tloaelo ea IEEE, khatello e tloaelehileng ea ho phunyeha bakeng sa moralo oa transformer ea PRV e ka bang 10 PSIG ± 2 PSIG, ha mekhoa ea CSA hangata e sebelisa maemo a tlaase a khatello. Ka mor'a hore khatello e fokotsehe, valve ea khatello ea khatello ea li-transformer e ikemela ka bo eona ho boloka botšepehi ba tanka ea transformer.

 

Ka lebaka la kaho e bonolo le ts'ebetso e ts'epahalang, PRV e sebelisoa haholo ho:

• Li-transformer{{0}tse palamisitsoeng ka pola
• Pad-li-transformer tse kentsoeng
• Oli-li-transformer tse qoelitsoeng ka har'a oli
• Liteishene tse nyane tsa yuniti

 

Ha ho bapisoa le litsamaiso tse kholoanyane tsa PRD, li-PRV hangata li ratoa bakeng sa li-transformer tse tlase tsa kVA moo ho phahama ha khatello ho batlang ho iteka le ho lebelloa. Lits'ebetsong tse ngata tsa phepelo ea phepelo, valve ea PRV ka litanka tsa transformer e ntse e le mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ts'ireletso ea khatello ea mochini.

3.2 Sesebelisoa sa ho Imolla Khatello (PRD)

Lisebelisoa tsa liphallelo (PRDs) li sebeletsa morero o tšoanang le oa li-valve tsa khatello ea maikutlo (PRVs): li sireletsa tanka ea transformer khatellong e feteletseng ea ka hare. Leha ho le joalo, ha e le hantle, li-PRD li atisa ho amahanngoa le litekanyetso tse kholoanyane tsa matla. Ka tloaelo ha u bone PRD e kentsoeng ho li-transformer ka tlase ho 1,500 kVA, leha ho se letho le phoso ka ho sebelisa e 'ngoe ho li-unit tse nyane haeba ts'ebeliso e e hloka.

Li-PRD tse ngata li kenngoa ka holim'a tanka ea transformer, moo khase e ka hare kapa khatello ea khatello e ka lokolloang ka potlako nakong ea boemo ba phoso.

Mantsoe ana a ka ferekanya hobane "sesebelisoa sa ho imolla khatello" hangata se sebelisoa e le lentsoe le akaretsang la indasteri bakeng sa li-PRV le li-PRD. Maemong a mangata, li-PRV li sebelisoa ho li-transformer tse nyane, ha li-PRD li atile haholo ho li-unit tse kholo kapa lits'ebetso tse hlokang karabelo e potlakileng ea khatello le pontšo ea phoso.

Sesebediswa sa ho imolla kgatello ya transformer se sebetsa ka tsela e tshwanang le ya PRV - ho imolla kgatello e feteletseng ya ka hare - empa ka tlwaelo e hlamilwe ka bokgoni ba ho phalla ho hodimo, nako ya karabo e potlakileng, tshebetso e tshepehang ya ho kwala hape, le alamo ya boikgethelo kapa ho beha leihlo mesebetsi. Meralo e tsoetseng pele ea PRD e fana ka khatello e nepahetseng ea ho bula, nako e khuts'oane ea ts'ebetso, ts'ebetso e tšepahalang ea nako e telele-, le tiiso e sebetsang khahlanong le mongobo, lerōle le moea o kenang, e thusa ho boloka khatello e ntle ea tanka le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso e ts'epahalang ea transformer.

 

Molemo o mong o moholo oa -li-PRDs tse kentsoeng ke bokhoni ba ho beha leihlo. Likopano tse ngata tsa lisebelisoa tsa khatello ea khatello ea transformer li kenyelletsa:

• Lipontšo tsa semaphore tse bonahalang kapa matšoao a ts'ebetso
• Mabitso a alamo a hole
• SCADA{0}liphetho tse tsamaellanang tsa tlhahlobo

 

Sena se etsa hore li-PRD li tšoanelehe haholo bakeng sa liteishene tsa lisebelisoa le lits'ebetso tsa motlakase tsa indasteri moo ho hlokahalang ho beha leihlo hole.

Li-PRD li sebelisoa hangata ho:

• Li-transformer tsa li-unit substation
• Li-transformer tsa motlakase tse mahareng
• Li-transformer tse kholo tsa matla
• Li-transformer tsa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase

 

Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse kholo tsa ts'ebeliso, hangata baenjiniere ba khetha tlhophiso ea sesebelisoa sa ho fokotsa khatello ho fapana le PRV e nyane ka lebaka la matla a phahameng a ka hare le molumo oa oli.

3.3 Rapture Disc

Li-rupture discs hangata li sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa ho imolla khatello ea nako ea tšohanyetso lits'ebetsong tse phahameng- tse fetolang matla.

Ho fapana le li-PRV kapa li-PRD tse tloaelehileng, rupture discs ke-lisebelisoa tse ka setang bocha tse etselitsoeng ho phatloha hang-hang ha khatello ea ka hare e fihla moeling o boima. Sepheo sa bona sa mantlha ke ho fana ka -phatlalatso ka botlalo nakong ea likoluoa ​​​​tsa mathata a ka hare.

 

Hobane li-discs tsa rupture li tlameha ho nkeloa sebaka ka mor'a ts'ebetso, hangata li boloketsoe:

• Li-transformer tse kholo tsa matla
• Li-transformer tsa sebōpi
• Li-transformer tsa ho hula
• Litsamaiso tsa liindasteri tse nang le bothata bo phahameng-

Ts'ebetsong ea boenjiniere, li-discs tsa rupture li emela boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba tšireletso ea mochine.

4. Lisebelisoa tsa ho Fumana Phoso ea Transformer

 

4.1 Sesebelisoa sa ka hare sa Melato (IFD)

Li-Internal Fault Detectors (IFDs) li sebelisoa haholo holim'a lipalo-tse phanngoeng le li- pad-li-transformer tse kentsoeng e le sesebelisoa se bonolo empa se sebetsa hantle haholo sa polokeho.

IFD e lemoha ho phahama ka tšohanyetso ha khatello ea ka hare e bakoang ke liphoso tsa arcing ka har'a tanka ea transformer. Ha e kentsoe, ho tla hlaha sesupo sa 'mala o khanyang, se lumellang basebetsi ho lemoha hang-hang hore transformer e bile le phoso ka hare, 'me ha ea lokela ho tsosolosoa-.

 

Monyetla o mong o moholo oa litsamaiso tsa sejoale-joale tsa IFD ke hore meralo e mengata e kopanya IEEE kapa CSA e lumellanang le PRV likopanong tsa transformer sesebelisoa se le seng, ho kopanya:

• Phomolo ea khatello
• Pontšo ea phoso

ho kena sebopehong se le seng se kopaneng.

 

Li-IFD li sebelisoa hangata ho:

• Li-transformer tse kentsoeng-phase{1}e le 'ngoe
• -li-phase pole{1}}li-transformer tse kanngoeng tse tharo
• Pad-li-transformer tse kentsoeng
• Li-transformer tse nyane tsa seteishene

Ha li bapisoa le litsamaiso tsa SPR, li-IFD li bonolo, li na le chelete e ngata, 'me li loketse ho ajoa{0}}lik'hamphani tsa boemo bo holimo.

4.2 Phetiso ea Khatello ea Tsohanyetso (SPR / RPR)

 

Litsamaiso tsena li sebelisoa hangata ho:

• Li-transformer tsa motlakase tse mahareng
• Li-transformer tse kholo tsa matla
• Li-transformer tse nchafatsang
• Li-transformer tsa sebōpi
• Li-transformer tsa ho hula

 

Ha ho bapisoa le li-IFD, mekhoa ea ts'ireletso ea ho phahama ka potlako ea khatello e fana ka kopanyo ea motlakase ka potlako 'me e loketse haholoanyane lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa le tsa indasteri.

4.3 Buchholz Relay

Buchholz relay ke khase- le oli-e phallang-sesebediswa sa ho lemoha mathata se sebedisoang ho conservator-mofuta oa li-transformer.

Ho fapana le litsamaiso tsa SPR le IFD, tse arabelang haholo liphetohong tsa khatello, li-relay tsa Buchholz li lemoha liphoso tsa kahare ka:

• Ho bokellana ha khase
• Ho tsamaea ha oli

 

Hangata, relay e sebetsa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli:

• Alamo bakeng sa liphoso tse qalang
• Leeto bakeng sa liphoso tse matla tsa ka hare

 

Li-relay tsa Buchholz li sebelisoa haholo ho:

• Litsi tsa mofuta oa Conservator{0}}
• Li-transformer tsa motlakase tse mahareng
• Li-transformer tse kholo tsa matla

 

Ka lebaka la bokhoni ba bona ba ho lemoha liphoso tse ntseng li tsoela pele butle-butle, li-relay tsa Buchholz e ntse e le e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa ho lemoha liphoso ho li-transformer tse kholo- tse tlatsitsoeng oli.

 

5​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​. Tsamaiso ea Ts'ireletso ea Ts'ebetso ea Boenjiniere

 

Lits'ebetsong tsa 'nete tsa li-transformer, lisebelisoa tsena ha li sebelisoe ka ho lekana ho lihlopha tsohle tsa li-transformer. Sebakeng seo, litsamaiso tsa ts'ireletso li ntse li tsoela pele butle-butle ha boholo ba transformer le matla a matla a ntse a eketseha.

 

Letlapa la 2 - Kopo e Tloaelehileng ea Sesebelisoa sa Tšireletso ka Sehlopha sa Transformer

Tlhophiso ena e nang le lera e bonts'a molao-motheo oa boenjineri oa hore ts'ireletso ea transformer e fetoha ho tloha khatellong ea mantlha ea mochini ho ea ho litsamaiso tse kopaneng tsa ts'ireletso ea liphoso tsa mochini le tsa motlakase.

6. Qetello

 

Moralo oa sejoale-joale oa polokeho ea li-transformer o ipapisitse le khokahano ea ho fokotsa khatello le lits'ebetso tsa ho lemoha liphoso ho fapana le ho itšetleha ka sesebelisoa se le seng.

Li-PRV le li-PRD li fana ka liphallelo tse laoloang tsa khatello ea mochine nakong ea maemo a tloaelehileng le a sa tloaelehang a ts'ebetso. Li-discs tsa rupture li fana ka tšireletso ea ho qetela ea tšohanyetso nakong ea liphoso tse kotsi. Li-IFD le litsamaiso tsa tšohanyetso tsa khatello ea khatello li lemoha ho phahama ha khatello ka tšohanyetso ho bakoang ke liphoso tsa motlakase tse ka hare, ha li-relay tsa Buchholz li lekola tlhahiso ea khase le motsamao oa oli o amanang le ho nts'etsapele mefokolo ea ho kenya letsoho.

Ka kopanelo, lisebelisoa tsena li theha meralo e mengata-ea meralo ea ts'ireletso ea li-transformer e ntlafatsang ts'epahalo ea ts'ebetso, polokeho ea basebetsi, le bokhoni ba ho itšehla thajana ho pholletsa le tsamaiso, indasteri le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase.