Railway Transformer: Mefuta, Litlhaloso le Likopo

 

Selelekela

-Literene tsa lebelo, literempe, liporo tse bobebe, metro, le literene tse tloaelehileng kaofela li itšetlehile ka phepelo ea motlakase e tšepahalang hore li sebetse ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le ka katleho. Ka morao ho phepelo ena ea motlakase ho na le mefuta e mengata ea li-transformer tse khethehileng tsa terene, tse etselitsoeng ho fetolela le ho aba matla a motlakase bakeng sa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa sistimi ea motlakase ea terene. Har'a bona,ho thethefatsali-transformerphetha karolo ea bohlokoa. Li sebelisoa liteisheneng tse tsamaisang terene, 'me lits'ebetsong tse ling, literene tse tsamaeang ka har'a terene ho fetolela matla a motlakase hore e be motlakase le litlhophiso tse hlokoang ke litsamaiso tsa ho hohela seporo. Sehloohong sena, re hlalosa hore na transformer ea terene ke eng, hore na li-transformer tse tsamaeang li sebetsa joang, mefuta ea mantlha ea li-transformer tsa terene, lintlha tsa bona tsa bohlokoa, le mokhoa oa ho khetha transformer e nepahetseng bakeng sa sistimi ea phepelo ea matla a terene.

 

Transformer ea terene ke eng?

Transformer ea terene e etselitsoe ho sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsa motlakase oa terene ho fetolela, ho arola le ho aba matla a motlakase bakeng sa literene le lisebelisoa tse amanang le tsona. E 'ngoe ea mefuta e ka sehloohong ke traction transformer, e fanang ka matla tsamaisong ea seporo sa terene.

Rail traction transformer, eo hape e tsejoang e le traction power transformer, hangata e fetola -motlakase oa AC o phahameng ho tsoa ho grid ea utility kapa marangrang a phepelo ea motlakase ho ea ho motlakase o loketseng sistimi ea ho hula. Hangata e kengoa boemelong ba terene, moo e fanang ka matla ho litsamaiso tsa liporo kapa tsa boraro{2}}tsa terene. Li-transformer tse ling li etselitsoe ho kenngoa ka ho toba litereneng tsa motlakase.

Ho fapana le li-transformer tse tloaelehileng tsa motlakase, mochine oa motlakase o tlameha ho sebetsana le liphetoho khafetsa le ka potlako mojaro. Ho potlakisa terene ho ka baka keketseho ea tšohanyetso ea hona joale, ha braking le liphetoho ts'ebetsong ea terene li ka hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng ea mojaro oa motlakase. Ka hona, li-transformer tsa terene li etselitsoe ts'ebetso e tšepahalang tlasa meroalo e matla, khatello ea motlakase, vibrate le maemo a mang a boima a terene.

Bakeng sa kenyelletso e pharaletseng ea kaho ea li-transformer le likarolo

bona tsa ronaSetšoantšo sa Traction Transformer.

 

3. Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa Transformer ea Terene

Molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa oa transfoma ea terene o ipapisitse le induction ea motlakase. Seteisheneng sa ho hula, transfoma e theolela -motlakase oa motlakase o phahameng ho tloha ho marang-rang kapa marang-rang a phepelo ea motlakase ho ea ho motlakase o loketseng sistimi ea terene.

Ho Kenya{0}Motlakase o Phahameng: Motlakase o tsoang litseleng tse holimo kapa tsa boraro-ea terene o fepeloa sebakeng sa mantlha sa transfoma ea terene. Matla a ho kenya a ka tloha ho 15 kV ho ea ho 25 kV, ho itšetlehile ka tsamaiso ea terene.

 

Phetoho ea Voltage:Theko e phahameng{{0}ea motlakase e matlafatsang tsela e potolohang ka potlako 'me e etsa hore ho be le matla a khoheli a fetohang karolong ea transfoma. Ka induction ea electromagnetic, matla ana a khoheli a etsa hore ho be le voltage e tlase moeeng oa bobeli, 'me motlakase o khethoa ke karo-karolelano ea li-transformer.

 

Molawana wa Voltage: Transformer ea terene e lokisa motlakase hore o tsamaellane le litlhoko tsa tsamaiso ea terene ea ho hula, hangata e e fokotsa ho ea boemong bo tlaase ba motlakase o loketseng thepa ea ho tsamaisa terene.

 

Phano ea Matla: Matla a fetotsoeng a ntan'o isoa tsamaisong ea ho hula, ho kenyelletsa le li-motor tse tsamaisang kapa lisebelisoa tse ling tse ka har'a sekepe, tse nolofalletsang terene ho sebetsa.

 

Tshireletso & Taolo: Li-transformer tsa terene li tlameha ho sebetsana le motlakase o mongata o phahameng le litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa mojaro nakong ea ts'ebetso ea terene. Lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso tse kang li-circuit breaker le li-sensor li lekola mocheso, voltage, le hona joale ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e bolokehileng le e tšepahalang.

 

Maikutlo & Phetoho: Tlhokomelo e tsoelang pele e lumella tsamaiso hore e arabele liphetohong tsa mojaro le maemo a ho sebetsa, ho thusa ho boloka ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng le ho thibela ho hlōleha.

 

4. Mefuta ea Liphetoho tsa Terene

Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea li-transformer tsa terene,' me meralo ea tsona e fapana ho latela sistimi ea phepelo ea motlakase, sebaka sa ts'ebetso le ts'ebeliso. Mefuta ea mantlha e kenyelletsa li-stationary traction transformer, onboard traction transformer, auto-transformer, le li-multi{2}}system traction transformer.

 

4.1 Li-Stationary Traction Transformers

Li-transformer tsa stationary traction li kentsoe liteisheneng tsa terene haufi le tsela ea terene. Ba theola -motlakase oa motlakase o phahameng ho tsoa ho marang-rang kapa marang-rang a phepelo ea motlakase oa terene pele ba fana ka motlakase ho terene ka sistimi ea catenary kapa seporo sa boraro.

Li-transformer tsena li sebelisoa hangata lits'ebetsong tsa motlakase oa terene ho fana ka phepelo ea motlakase e tsitsitseng le e tšepahalang bakeng sa literene tsa motlakase.

 

4.2 Li-transformer tsa Onboard Traction

Li-transformer tsa onboard traction li kentsoe ka kotloloho litereneng tsa motlakase kapa li-locomotives. Ba na le moralo o momahaneng le o bobebe hobane ba tlameha ho tsamaea le terene ha ba ntse ba sebetsana le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa{{1}matla a tsamaiso ea ho hohela.

Li-transformer tsena li fumana matla a tsoang seporong sa terene ebe li li theolela sebakeng sa motlakase o loketseng ho tsamaisa terene le thepa ea motlakase.

 

4.3 Traction Auto-Transformer

Li-transformer tsa traction auto{0}li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsa phepelo ea motlakase ka tereneng, haholo lits'ebetsong tsa -matla a holimo le{2}}ea literene tse lebelo. Li thusa ho boloka motlakase o hlokahalang tseleng ea terene 'me li ka fokotsa ho theoha ha motlakase le tahlehelo ea motlakase libakeng tse telele.

Ho fapana le li-transformer tse tloaelehileng-tse peli, -transfoma e sebelisa mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho phethola karolo ea li-circuits tsa mathomo le tsa bobeli.

 

4.4 Multi{1}}System Traction Transformers

Multi{0}system traction transformer e etselitsoe literene tsa motlakase tse sebetsang ho pholletsa le marang-rang a nang le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa motlakase. Li ka amohela li-voltage le maqhubu a fapaneng, tse lumellang literene ho sebetsa ho pholletsa le libaka kapa linaha tse nang le litekanyetso tse fapaneng tsa motlakase oa terene.

 

4.5 Transformers bakeng sa AC le DC Traction Systems

Li-transformer tsa terene le tsona li ka aroloa ho latela mofuta oa phepelo ea motlakase oa terene.

Li-transformer tsa AC traction li sebelisoa litsing tsa motlakase tsa terene tsa AC, ho kenyeletsoa le linetweke tse telele-le{1}}tse tsamaeang ka lebelo le holimo. Ba theola motlakase oa AC o kenang ho ea boemong bo hlokoang ke tsamaiso ea terene ea terene.

Lisebelisoa tsa DC traction hangata li sebelisoa bakeng sa literene tsa metro, literempe le liporo tsa teropo. Lits'ebetsong tsena, li-transformer ka kakaretso li sebelisoa hammoho le li-rectifier ho fetolela matla a AC a kenang hore e be matla a DC a hlokoang ke seporo sa terene.

Khetho ea transformer ea terene e ipapisitse le sistimi ea motlakase ea terene, motlakase le maqhubu, mofuta oa ho kenya, litlhoko tsa terene le maemo a ts'ebetso.

 

5. Likopo tsa Railway Traction Transformers

Li-transformer tsa terene li sebelisoa haholo litsamaisong tsa terene tse kentsoeng motlakase ho fana ka matla a tšepahalang bakeng sa literene le lisebelisoa tse amanang le terene. Lisebelisoa tsa bona li fapana ho ea ka mofuta oa terene, terene le tsamaiso ea motlakase.

 

6. Moralo oa Transformer ea Terene ea Terene le Litlhaloso

Moralo oa transformer o ipapisitse le sistimi ea motlakase oa terene, mofuta oa ho kenya, boemo ba motlakase, litlhoko tsa motlakase le maemo a ts'ebetso. Ha ho bapisoa le li-transformer tse tloaelehileng tsa motlakase, li-transformer tsa terene li hloka ho mamella liphetoho khafetsa tsa mojaro, ho sisinyeha ha mochini, khatello ea motlakase le maemo a thata a ts'ebetso.

 

6.1 Core le Windings

Transformer core e fana ka-tsela ea ho tsilatsila e tlase bakeng sa flux ea makenete lipakeng tsa mapheo. -lisebelisoa tsa mantlha tsa boleng bo holimo le moaho o thata li thusa transforama hore e boloke ts'ebetso e ts'epahalang tlas'a meroalo e feto-fetohang ea terene.

Li-winding li entsoe ho latela matla a motlakase le matla a hlokahalang. -lisebelisuoa tsa boleng bo holimo tsa likhondara le lisistimi tsa insuela li sebelisoa ho fana ka matla a mochini le ho kenya motlakase tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea terene.

 

6.2 Voltage le Frequency

Litlhaloso tsa li-transformer tsa traction li ipapisitse le sistimi ea phepelo ea motlakase ea terene. Maemo a tloaelehileng a phepelo ea terene a kenyelletsa:

• 15 kV, 16.7 Hz AC - e sebelisoang ho marang-rang a mang a liporo tsa Europe.
• 25 kV, 50/60 Hz AC - e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa ho kenya motlakase ka tereneng.
• 1.5 kV DC le 3 kV DC traction systems - tse sebelisoang litseleng tse ling tsa litoropo le tse tloaelehileng tsa literene.

Phallo ea motlakase e khethoa ho ea ka litlhoko tsa tsamaiso ea ho hula le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse theohelang tlaase.

 

6.3 Tekanyetso ea Matla

Tekanyo ea transfoma e tsamaeang hangata e hlalosoa ho kVA kapa MVA 'me e ipapisitse le terene, marang-rang a literene le mojaro o lebelletsoeng. Lisebelisoa tse fapaneng li ka hloka lintlha tse fapaneng tsa matla, ho tloha ho liyuniti tse nyane bakeng sa literene tse bobebe le literempe ho isa ho tse holimo{1}}li-transformer tsa bokhoni bakeng sa{2}}literene tsa lebelo le{3}}litsamaiso tse boima tsa mosebetsi.

Transformer e boetse e tlameha ho etsetsoa hore e mamelle-ho jara ka nako e khutšoane le ho fetoha ha lebelo ha terene e ntse e tsamaea ka lebelo, braking, le ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng.

 

6.4 Ho Pholisa le Kaho

Li-transformer tsa traction li ka sebelisa mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho pholisa ho latela litlhoko tsa ho kenya le matla.

Oli-li-transformer tse qoelisoang li sebelisa mokelikeli oa insulating bakeng sa ho bata le ho kenya letsoho.

Li-transformer tsa mofuta o omileng{{0}li sebelisa moea bakeng sa pholileng le lisebelisoa tse tiileng tsa ho koala, ho etsa hore li tšoanelehe moo oli e sa rateheng.

Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa onboard, transformer le eona e tlameha ho fihlela litlhoko tse thata tsa sebaka le boima. Ho ipapisitsoe le moralo oa terene, li-transformer li ka kengoa likamoreng tsa mochini, ka tlas'a fatše, -libaka tse tlase, kapa marulelong.

 

6.5 Tap Changer le Voltage Regulation

Mochine o fetolang pompo o ka sebelisoa ho lokisa motlakase oa transformer ho latela litlhoko tsa sistimi ea matla a terene. Ho itshetlehile ka tshebediso, traction transformer e ka sebedisa-load tap changer (OLTC) kapa e tima{2}}load tap changer.

OLTC e ka fetola motlakase ha transformer e ntse e le matla, ha e tima{0}}load tap changer e hloka hore transformer e khaole pele boemo ba pompo bo fetoloa.

 

6.6 Sebetsa le Tahlehelo ea Matla

Li-transformer tsa traction li etselitsoe ts'ebetso e phahameng hobane li sebetsa tlas'a maemo a meroalo khafetsa le a fetohang. Tahlehelo ea bona ea matla haholo-holo e kenyelletsa tahlehelo ea mantlha le tahlehelo ea mojaro.

• Litahlehelo tsa mantlha: Haholo-holo e bakoa ke hysteresis le maqhubu a eddy mokokotlong oa transformer. Litahlehelo tsena li lula li tsitsitse ha transformer e matlafatsoa.
• Litahlehelo tsa meroalo: Haholo-holo e bakoa ke ho hanyetsa matsoelintsoeke le ho eketseha ka lisekoere tsa mojaro oa hona joale.
• Litahlehelo tse ling: Litahlehelo tse lahlehileng, tahlehelo ea dielectric, le matla a sebelisoang ke thepa ea ho pholisa le tsona li ka kenya letsoho tahlehelong eohle.

Ts'ebetso ea 'nete le tahlehelo li ipapisitse le moralo oa transformer, matla a lekantsoeng, lisebelisoa, mokhoa oa ho pholisa, le mojaro oa ts'ebetso. Ka hona, katleho ea li-transformer le litekanyetso tsa tahlehelo li lokela ho hlahlojoa ho latela litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa morero le litekanyetso tse sebetsang.

 

6.7 Tšireletso le Teko

Tšireletso e ka tšeptjoang ke ea bohlokoa hobane li-transformer tsa traction li sebetsa tlas'a meroalo e phahameng ea motlakase le e matla. Ts'ireletso e tloaelehileng le ts'ebetso ea ho beha leihlo e kenyelletsa:

• Tšireletso e fetelletseng
• Tšireletso ea overvoltage
• Tlhokomelo ea mocheso
• Tlhokomelo ea insulation
• Tšireletso ea fatše

Teko ea li-traction transformer e etsoa ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea motlakase, matla a ho kenya letsoho, ts'ebetso ea mocheso, le ts'epahalo ka kakaretso pele transformer e kenngoa ts'ebetsong.

Litlhaloso le litekanyetso tsa ho qetela tsa li-transformer li lokela ho khethoa ho latela sistimi ea motlakase oa terene, maqhubu, tlhoko ea motlakase, maemo a ho kenya, mokhoa oa ho pholisa le maemo a sebetsang.

 

6.8 Mathata a Sehloho a Moralo

Li-transformer tsa terene li hloka ho leka-lekanya litlhoko tse 'maloa, ho kenyelletsa:

Matla a phahameng: Tšoara meroalo e phahameng le e fetohang ka potlako.

Tsamaiso ea mocheso: Tlosa mocheso tlas'a maemo a thata a ho sebetsa.

Matla a mochine: Mamella ho thothomela le khatello ea kelello ea mochini.

Ho tiea: Kopana le meeli ea sebaka le boima ba 'mele, haholo-holo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa onboard.

Ho tšepahala: Boloka ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ka tlhokomelo e fokolang.

 

7. Joang ho Khetha Railways Transformer?

Ho khetha transformer e nepahetseng ea seporo ho ipapisitse le sistimi ea matla a terene, litlhoko tsa mojaro, maemo a ho kenya, le litekanyetso tse sebetsang. Pele o etsa taelo, ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa lintlha tse latelang tsa bohlokoa.

 

7.1 Matla a Lekanyelitsoeng le Voltage

Transformer e lokela ho ba le bokhoni bo lekaneng ba ho sebetsana le mojaro o lebelletsoeng oa terene, ho kenyeletsoa tlhoro le ho fetola meroalo nakong ea ts'ebetso. Motlakase o hlokehang le boemo bo hodimo{1}} ba divoltage bo lokela ho lekanyetswa ho ya ka sistimi ya phepelo ya motlakase seporong.

SCOTECH e ka fana ka li-transformer matla a lekantsoeng ho fihla ho 100 MVA le ho fana ka lintlha tsa motlakase o phahameng ho fihla ho 132 kV, ka litekanyetso tse ikhethileng tse fumanehang ho latela litlhoko tsa projeke.

 

7.2 Litlhokahalo tsa Khokahano le Mokhahlelo

Khokahano ea transformer e lokela ho ts'oana le sistimi ea seporo sa terene le phepelo ea eona ea matla. Lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa terene li ka hloka tlhophiso ea mekhahlelo e fapaneng le likhokahano tse matsoelintsoeke.

Likhetho tse teng tsa khokahano li kenyelletsa:

• YN,d11
• YN,d11,d5
• V₀V₀
• Scott{{0}e hokahantsoeng (3-mohato/2-mohato)
• Leblanc{0}e hokahantsoeng (3-mohato/2-mohato)
• Woodbridge{{0}e hokahaneng (3-mohato/2-mohato)

 

7.3 Insulation le Sebaka sa ho Pholisa

Khetho ea sebaka sa ho futhumatsa le ho futhumatsa se ipapisitse le tikoloho ea ho kenya, litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso, le lintlha tsa projeke.

SCOTECH e ka fana ka likhetho tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa FR3, oli ea liminerale, silicone, hydrocarbon le oli ea meroho.

Lisebelisoa tsa ho futhumatsa le tsona li ka hlophisoa ho latela lintlha le ts'ebeliso ea li-transformer, ho na le li-radiator tse entsoeng ka masenke kapa tse sa hloekang{0}}tse fumanehang.

 

7.4 Tanka le Lisebelisoa

Tanka ea transformer le sekoahelo li lokela ho fana ka matla a lekaneng a mochine le tšireletso bakeng sa likarolo tse ka hare. Ho ipapisitsoe le litlhoko tsa projeke, SCOTECH e fana ka litšepe tse bonolo kapa{1}}litanka tsa tšepe le likhurumetso.

Lisebelisoa tse ling li ka hlophisoa, ho kenyelletsa:

• Buchholz relay
• Transformer ea hajoale (CT)
• E buletsoe-load tap changer (OLTC)
• Marshalling lebokose
• Letšoao la mocheso oa maqhubu
• Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tlhokomelo le ts'ireletso

 

7.5 Tšitiso le Litlhoko tsa Tloaelo

Transformer impedance e ama taolo ea motlakase le tšebetso e khutšoane-ea potoloho, kahoo e lokela ho khethoa ho latela litlhoko tsa sistimi ea terene.

SCOTECH e ts'ehetsa boipelaetso ba moetlo mme e ka fana ka thebe ea motlakase ha ho hlokahala. Likarolo tse ling tsa li-transformer le tsona li ka etsoa ka mokhoa o ikhethileng ho latela maemo a projeke.

 

7.6 Maemo le Teko

Li-transformer tsa terene li lokela ho raloa le ho lekoa ho latela litekanyetso tse hlokehang bakeng sa morero o itseng le mmaraka. SCOTECH e theha li-transformer ho latela IEC e sebetsang, ANSI/IEEE, NEMA, CSA, le litekanyetso tse ling tse amehang.

Pele u khetha transformer ea terene, netefatsa tekanyo e hlokahalang ea matla, voltage, frequency, connection, insulation and cooling medium, impedance, accessories, install maemo le maemo a sebetsang. Ho fana ka lintlha tsena ho moetsi oa li-transformer ho thusa ho netefatsa hore moralo oa ho qetela o lumellana le sistimi ea matla a terene le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso.