Kakaretso ea autotransformer

 

 

Autotransformer e fapane hole le transfoma e tlwaelehileng-e nang le mapheo a mabedi hobane e na le moya o le mong, o tswelang pele o sebetsang e le wa mathomo le wa bobedi. Sena se lebisa ho liforomo tse ikhethang le tse molemo tsa lipalo.

Ha re hlalose matšoao:

: motlakase oa mantlha le oa hona joale

: Matla a bobeli le a hona joale

N₁: Kakaretso ea palo ea ho chenchana sebakeng sa mantlha sa matsoelintsoeke

N₂: Palo ea ho thinya ho matsoelintsoeke a bobeli (e leng karolo ea N₁)

a: Karolelano ea ho fetoha

: Matla a Kenyeletso ea Motlakase (Bokhoni ba ho Winding)

: Kenyeletso/Sehlahiswa Matla a Bonahalang (Bokgoni ba ho Kena)

 

Sehlopha	Foromo	Tlhaloso
E Fetola Karolelano		Tlhaloso e tšoanang le ea transformer e tloaelehileng
Kamano ea Voltage		Phallo ea motlakase e fapana ka tsela e fapaneng le karo-karolelano
Kamano ea Hona Joale		Sephetho sa hajoale se lekana ka kotloloho le karo-karolelano
Bokhoni ba Tlhahiso		Kakaretso ea matla a fetisoang ke transformer
Bokhoni ba motlakase		Matla a khethollang boholo ba 'mele oa transformer
Molemo oa Bokhoni		Foromo ea mantlha: Molemo o moholo ha a le haufi le 1

 

 

 

 

 

Melemo ea Autotransformer

1.Bokhoni bo Phahameng, Litahlehelo tse Tlase

• Lebaka:Hobane karolo e 'ngoe ea mapheo e tloaelehile mahlakoreng ka bobeli, hona joale karolong e tloaelehileng e ka tlaase ho mojaro oa hona joale bakeng sa phallo e tšoanang ea matla. Sena se fokotsa haholo tahlehelo ea koporo (litahlehelo tsa I²R).
• Sephetho:Sebetsa hangata se hodimo ho feta-diphetolo tse pedi tse lekanang, haholo ha tekanyo ya ho tjeka (K) e le haufi le 1 (mohlala, 230V ho ya ho 115V).

2. Theko e tlaase, boholo bo fokolang, le boima bo bobebe

• Lebaka:E felisa moea o fapaneng oa bobeli, o sebelisa lisebelisoa tse fokolang (koporo / aluminium) le lisebelisoa tse fokolang tsa motheo (silicon steel).
• Sephetho:Bakeng sa tekanyo e tšoanang, autotransformer ha e theko e tlaase, e nyenyane, 'me e bobebe ho feta-li- winding transformer tse peli. Sena se etsa hore ho be bonolo le ho theko e tlaase ho tsamaisa le ho kenya.

3. Bokhoni bo botle ba Taolo ea Voltage

• Lebaka:Ka ho fana ka lipompo tse ngata kapa ho hokahanngoa ho thellang (borashe) haufi le moea, motlakase o tsoang o ka lokisoa habonolo le ka ho tsoelang pele.
• Kopo:Ona ke molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso ea "variac" e tloaelehileng kapa transformer e fapaneng, e sebelisoang haholo lilaboratoring le lits'ebetsong tse hlokang taolo e nepahetseng ea motlakase.

4. Tlase e Khutšoane{1}}Circuit Impedance le Better Voltage Regulation

• Lebaka:Ea mantlha le ea bobeli li hokahane ka bobeli ka motlakase le ka matla a khoheli, e leng se etsang hore ho lutla ha metsi ha ho bapisoa le tse peli-tse tsoelipanang.
• Sephetho:Phallo ea motlakase e lula e tsitsitse haholoanyane tlas'a maemo a fapaneng a mojaro, a lebisang taolong e phahameng ea motlakase.

 

Mathata a Autotransformer

1. Khaello ea Boinotšing ba Motlakase (Tlhaloso e Bohlokoa ka ho Fetisisa)

• Lebaka:Mahlakore a mantlha le a bobeli a hoketsoe ka motlakase ka kotloloho, ho fapana le matla a khoheli a itšehlang thajana a fanoang ke -mohaho oa motlakase o tsoelipanang.
• Likotsi:

Phoso e ka lehlakoreng le phahameng-motlako oa motlakase (mohlala,{3}}voltage surge) e ka fetisetsoa ka kotloloho karolong e tlase-e leng kotsi e kholo ho lisebelisoa le basebetsi.

Haeba mapheo a tloaelehileng a robeha, motlakase o felletseng o ka hlaha holim'a mojaro, o leng kotsi haholo.

• Tlhaloso:Lits'ebetsong moo polokeho e leng ea bohlokoa, ho tlameha ho sebelisoa transformer e eketsehileng ea ho itšehla thajana, e hananang le melemo ea eona ea litšenyehelo le boholo.

2. Nako e Khutšoane e Phahameng-Circuit Currents

• Lebaka:Ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ha eonabokhuts'oane- ba potoloho, phoso e hlahang lehlakoreng la bobeli e tla fella ka hore ho be le lebelo le phahameng haholo-ho feta ha li feto-fetoha tse peli-e leng tse peli.
• Tlhokahalo:Sena se hloka matla a phahameng a mochini le botsitso ba mocheso ho tsoa ho transformer ka boeona, hammoho le lisebelisoa tse matla le tse phahameng-tse senyang{1}}lisebelisoa tse sireletsang matla (joaloka li-circuit breaker le fuse).

3. Tšireletso e Feletseng e Ratang

• Maqhubu a arolelanoang a etsa hore likamano tsa ka hare tsa motlakase li be thata ho feta tse peli- tse fefohang. Sena se thatafatsa tlhophiso ea litsamaiso tsa ts'ireletso (mohlala, li-relay tse fapaneng), kaha ts'ireletso e tloaelehileng ea overcurrent e kanna ea se khetholle hantle lipakeng tsa liphoso tsa kahare le ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng.

4. Moeli o Fetola Karolelano Kopo

• Melemo ea moruo ea autotransformer e bonahala haholo ka tekanyo e nyane ea ho fetoha (K), hangata lipakeng tsa 1.2 le 2.0. Bakeng sa likarohano tse kholo (mohlala, 10: 1), chelete ea ho boloka thepa e fetoha e sa utloahaleng, ha ho hloka ho itšehla thajana ho fetoha tšitiso e kholo, e etsang hore e se ke ea tšoaneleha.

 

 

 

1. Mekhoa ea Matla

Sena ke sebaka se bohlokoa ka ho fetesisa le se phahameng{0}} sa tšebeliso ea li-autotransformer.

(1) Khokahano ea Grid & Phetoho ea Voltage

• Kopo:Ho hokela lisistimi tse peli tse phahameng- tsa motlakase tse nang le maemo a tšoanang a motlakase, mohlala, ho hokela marang-rang a 220kV ho grid ea 110kV, kapa sistimi ea 500kV ho sistimi ea 330kV.
• Hobaneng e loketse:Lits'ebetsong tsa matla, maemo a motlakase a marang-rang a marang-rang a fapaneng hangata a batla a le haufi (mohlala, ka karolelano e ka tlase ho 3: 1). Maemong a joalo, ho sebelisa autotransformer ho na le chelete e ngata ho feta{5}liphetoho tse matsoelintsoeke tse peli, ho fokotsa haholo litšenyehelo tsa thepa, tahlehelo ea matla, le sebaka sa 'mele-ke monyetla oa bohlokoa bakeng sa phetiso ea motlakase ka bongata.

(2) Ho Qala Setsi sa Motlakase / Li-Axiliary Transformers

• Kopo:Likarolo tse kholo tse fehlang mocheso kapa nyutlelie li hloka mohloli oa matla o kantle ho matlafatsa lisebelisoa tsa tsona tse thusang (joalo ka lifenehi, lipompo) nakong ea ho qala. Transformer ena ea kantle ea phepelo hangata ke autotransformer.
• Hobaneng e loketse:Matla a motlakase a jenereithara ka boona a phahame (mohlala, 20kV), ha motlakase o thusang seteisheneng o le tlase (mohlala, 6kV kapa 10kV). The voltage ratio ha e kholo, e leng se etsang hore autotransformer e be litšenyehelo-e sebetsang hantle le tharollo e sebetsang bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ena ea{9}}e phahameng.

(3) Taolo{1} ea Mekhahlelo e meraro

• Kopo:Ho li-ultra-high voltage (UHV) le ho feta-high voltage (EHV) grid, motlakase o lokela ho lokisoa ho tsitsisa seseteme le ho laola phallo e sebetsang ea motlakase.
• Hobaneng e loketse:Li-autotransformers hangata li na letlanya li-changerka matsoelineng a tloaelehileng (lehlakoreng le sa nke lehlakore) bakeng sataolo ea motlakase. Moralo ona o lumella taolo e pharalletseng, 'me pompo-sesebelisoa sa ho chenchela se na le litlhoko tse tlase tsa ho koala, e leng se etsang hore e be molemo ka botekgeniki le moruong.

 

2. Taolo ea Liindasteri le Likoloi

(1) Fokotse-Motlakase oa Motlakase (Auto-Transformer Starter)

• Kopo:Ho qala-mehato e meholo ea mekhahlelo e meraro ho fokotsa motlakase le ho fokotsa ho theoha ha motlakase ho netweke ea phepelo.
• Hobaneng e loketse:Nakong ea ho qala, motlakase o fokotsehileng o sebelisoa ho enjene ka lipompo tsa autotransformer. Hang ha enjene e atamela lebelo la eona le lekantsoeng, e fetoleloa ho voltage ea mohala o felletseng. Mokhoa ona o fana ka torque e holimo ha e bapisoa le ea Star{2}}Mokhoa oa Delta 'me o sebetsa haholo ho fokotsa ho qala hajoale. Joalo ka ha e sebelisoa ka nako e khuts'oane, boholo le melemo ea litšenyehelo tsa autotransformer li fumaneha ka botlalo.

(2) Mefuta e fapaneng ea AC Voltage Supplies & Voltage Compensator

• Kopo:E sebelisoa e le mohloli oa matla oa AC o lulang o feto-fetoha lilaboratoring kapa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa indasteri moo botsitso bo nepahetseng ba motlakase bo seng bohlokoa.
• Hobaneng e loketse:Brashi ea khabone e thellang e tsamaea ka tsela e pepeneneng, e lumellang hore ho be le tokiso e boreleli. Moralo ona o bonolo, o matsutla-tsutla, hape o theko e tlase-, o etsa hore o lokele lits'ebetso tse hlokang motlakase o feto-fetohang.

 

3. Laboratori & Teko

(1) Phepelo ea Motlakase oa AC (Mofuta o fapaneng)

• Kopo:Lilab tsa elektroniki le litekong tsa thuto, ho fana ka motlakase oa AC o feto-fetohang ho tloha ho zero ho ea ka holim'a motlakase oa mohala.
• Hobaneng e loketse:E bonolo, e tšoarella, ha e theko e tlaase, 'me e fana ka tlhahiso e hlakileng ea sine wave (ho fapana le balaoli ba matla-ea elektroniki), e leng se etsang hore e lokele liteko le liteko.

 

4. Terene ea Motlakase

(1) Litsamaiso tsa Phepelo ea Matla a Ts'ebetso (AT System)

• Kopo:Ho tse ling tsa motlakasetsamaiso ea literene(mohlala, mekhoa ea khale ea AC), mokhoa oa ho fepa oa Autotransformer (AT) o sebelisoa.
• Hobaneng e loketse:Sistimi ea AT e sebelisa li-autotransformer ho theola motlakase o phahameng oa phetisetso (mohlala, 110kV kapa 220kV) ho matla a sebelisoang ke catenary e holimo (mohlala, 25kV kapa 55kV). Ka nako e ts'oanang e fokotsa tšitiso ea makenete ea motlakase methapong ea likhokahano, 'me e lumella sebaka se selelele lipakeng tsa liteishene, e etsa hore e tšoanelehe ka ho khetheha bakeng sa liporo-tse lebelo le tse boima{10}} tse hulang.

 

 

"Bonolo" ba "autotransformer" ke ntho e ka holimo feela. Moralo le tlhahiso ea eona li tletse ka boenjineri bo nepahetseng le boqapi-ba maemo a holimo.

1. Lintlha tsa Moqapi oa Maqhubu

Maqhubu a sebetsa e le a mantlha le a bobeli, a theha maqheka a ikhethileng a sa fumaneheng ho li-transformer tse ikhethileng.

(1) Phatlalatso ea Hona Joale le-Boemo bo sa Tšoaneng ba Kondari:

• The Core Challenge:The matsoelintsoeke e arotsoe kaSeries Winding(karolo e sa tloaelehang mahlakoreng ka bobeli) leMaqhubu a Tloaelehileng(karolo e arolelanoang ka bobeli le tlhahiso). Maqhubu a phallang likarolong tsena a fapane.

{{0}TheSeries Windinge na le "transfer current" feela e amanang le phapang lipakeng tsa li-voltage tse kenang le tse tsoang.

{{0}TheMaqhubu a Tloaelehilenge na le "auto-induced current" e nyane, e leng tšebetso ea lebelo la hona joale le sekhahla sa ho tjeka.

• Qeto ea Boenjiniere:Lipalo tse nepahetseng tsa hajoale li bohlokoa haholo. TheCommon Winding e ka kopanngoa ka conductor ea sebaka se senyenyane-karohanokaha e na le bonyane hona joale, ha Series Winding e hloka mokhanni o moholoanyane. Senae seng-e sa tshwaneng, e fapaneng{1}}moetso wa{2}}karolo e fapanengke senotlolo sa ho fihlela boima bo bobebe, theko e tlase, le ts'ebetso e phahameng, empa e thatafatsa ts'ebetso ea matsoelintsoeke, e hlokang meralo e nepahetseng le lisebelisoa.

(2) Electromagnetic Balance and Short{1}}Circuit Forces:

• The Core Challenge:Ka lebaka la sebopeho sa sebopeho sa asymmetry (-theminale e phahameng ea{0}voltage, theminale ea -voltage e tlase, le lipompo kaofela li fumaneha mophethong o le mong), li sebetsa hantle haholo.Ampere-Fetola Balancee thata ho feta ka ho itšehla thajana ea transformer. Amp amp{1}}e sa leka-lekanang e theha matlamatla a khoheli a lahlehileng (leakage flux).
• Qeto ea Boenjiniere:

1. Ketsiso e tsoetseng pele ea EM:Software e tsoetseng pele ea magnetic field simulation e bohlokoa ho ntlafatsa tlhophiso ea matsoelintsoeke, bophahamo le boholo ba radial ho fokotsa phallo ea leakage.
2. Ho Laola-Circuit Electrodynamic Forces:Ka nako e khutšoane-maqhubu a matla a ho lutla ha matla a ho lutla a hlahisa matla a maholo a motlakase (Lorentz force) a batlang ho khopamisa le ho pshatla matsoelo. Ho li-autotransformers, matla ana a ka ba asymmetrical haholo. Ka lebaka leo, theho tiisa mapheo ka mochini ho tlameha ho ba matla ka tsela e ikhethang. -li-insulating spacers tse matla haholo, li-clamping plate, le li-support sticks li sebelisoa ho theha "cage" e koalang mapheo ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng, e thibelang ho senyeha kapa ho senyeha ha ho etsahala khafetsa kapa ka tšohanyetso{2}}nakong ea tšohanyetso.

 

 

2. The Voltage-Regulating Carbon Brush – The "Pelo" le "Bottleneck"

Bakeng sa li-autotransformers tse feto-fetohang (li-variacs), borashe ba k'habone e thellang ke karolo ea bohlokoahali le e tlokotsing ka ho fetesisa.

(1) Litlhoko tse tiileng tsa lintho tse bonahalang:

• The Core Challenge:Borashe bo tlameha ka nako e le 'ngoe ho phethahatsa thepa e mengata, hangata e hanyetsanang.
• Qeto ea Boenjiniere:Hangata e entsoe ka atšepe e kopaneng-ea graphite.

1. TheGraphitee fana ka -matlafatsi le ho se mamelle, e netefatsa hore ho thella ho thella le bophelo bo bolelele ba ts'ebeletso.
2. TheTšepe (mohlala, koporo, phofo ea silevera)e fana ka conductivity e phahameng ea motlakase, e netefatsang khanyetso e fokolang ea ho kopana.
3. Karolelano e nepahetseng le ts'ebetso ea sintering ea motsoako ona ke liphiri tsa mantlha tsa mong'a moetsi.

(2) Bohlokoa ba ho Tšepahala ho Kopana:

• The Core Challenge:Khokahano pakeng tsa borashe ba carbon le matsoelintsoeke keho thella ho kopana ha motlakase. Leha e le efekamano e mpeHo lebisa ho ho hloleha ho hoholo: Keketseho ea khanyetso → Ho chesa ho feteletseng sebakeng → Ho chesa ha motlakase le ho phunya → Khoholeho ea mobu le tšenyo e sa feleng sebakeng se matsoelintsoeke le borashe.
• Qeto ea Boenjiniere:

1. Ultra-Mochine o Nepahetseng oa Sebaka sa Mabitso:Tsela ea ho kopana e pepeneneng ea matsoelintsoeke e ke ke ea ba koporo e hlobotseng. E lokela hoba jwaloe bentšitsoeng ho fihlela seiponeng-joaloka pheletso e boreleli, e se nang bofokoli leha e le bofe kapa ho se phethahale.
2. Advanced Surface Plating:Pina ena hangatae apesitsoeng ka lera la silevera kapa silevera. Silivera e fana ka matla a ho sebetsa le ho hanyetsa oxidation, ho boloka -e thibelang likhokahano ka nako e telele le ho thibela ho hloleha ha mocheso ka lebaka la oxidation.

• Taolo ea Mocheso le Taolo ea Liaparo:

1. The Core Challenge:Ntlha ea ho kopana ke mohloli o tsitsitseng oa mocheso le ho apara mochine.
2. Qeto ea Boenjiniere:{{0}mefuta e fapaneng ea matla a phahameng a kenyelletsa masela a pholileng kapa esita le ho pholile ka likhoka bakeng sa ho kopanya borashe. Ho feta moo, khatello ea brashi le mochini oa selemo li tlameha ho lokisoa ka hloko{2}}khatello e nyane haholo e baka ho se tsitse le ho pota-pota, ha khatello e matla haholo e potlakisa ho senyeha ha mochini le ho eketsa matla a ho thella.

 

3. Tsamaiso ea Mocheso ka Moqapi oa Compact

(1) Bothata bo ka sehloohong:Autotransformer e nyane 'me e sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nyane ho feta sesebelisoa sa ho itšehla thajana sa tekanyo e lekanang ea matla. Sena se fetolela ho amatla a phahameng a tahlehelo ea matla (tahlehelo ea koporo le tšepe) ka bophahamo ba yuniti, ho etsa hore ho ntša mocheso ho be thata le ho feta.

(2) Qeto ea Boenjiniere:

• Moralo o Felletseng oa Thermal:Moralo oa likanale tse tsidifatsang (mohlala, likotopo tsa oli tse ka har'a matsoelintsoeke, lifensetere tsa moea) li tlameha ho ba tse nepahetseng, eseng feela tse lekaneng. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) le lipapiso tsa mocheso li bohlokoa ho etsa 'mapa o nepahetseng oa phallo ea sepholisa le ho felisa libaka tse ka bang teng tsa ho chesa.
• Mekhoa e Ntlafetseng ea ho Pholisa:

1. Oli-E Kheletsoeng:Li-autotransformer tse kholo li sebelisa oli-ho qoelisa ka metsi ka litsela tse rarahaneng tsa ho phalla ha oli, ho tsamaisa oli likarolong tse chesang ka ho fetisisa tsa matsoeli.
2. Moea{{0}O pholile:Li-autotransformer tse ommeng{{0}li na le mapheoana a ho pholisa a sebetsang hantle 'me hangata li kenyelletsa li-fan bakeng sa ho pholisa moea ka matla (AF), kapa esita le lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele haholo tsa oli{1}} tse qobelloang ho pholisa.