Tataiso ea Khetho ea Setsi se Senyenyane le Boenjiniere

 

1. Selelekela

 

Seteishene sa compact substation ke sistimi ea kabo ea motlakase e entsoeng esale pele e kopaneng fekthering. E kopanya-voltage switchgear, transformer ea motlakase, le{2}}sesebediswa sa ho fehla motlakase o tlase{2}, mmoho le metara, tshireletso, taolo, le disebediswa tse ding tse kentsweng ka hare ho sebaka se tiisitsweng. Ha e le hantle, ke "tokisetsa-ho-sebelisa" yuniti ea phetoho ea motlakase e felletseng.

Likarolo tse ngata li kentsoe{0}ebile li lekoa pele li fihla, 'me sistimi kaofela e tlisoa e le sephutheloana se le seng se kopaneng. Mokhoa ona o ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ho fokotsa-mosebetsi oa kaho ea setšeng, ke ka lebaka leo lits'ebetso tsa liteishene tse nyane li sebelisoang haholo marangrang a sejoale-joale a motlakase.

Mohopolo ona o qadile Europe mme hangata o bitswa "European-style box substation." Kajeno, liteishene tse nyane li fetohile karolo ea bohlokoa ea litsamaiso tse bohlale tsa kabo, haholoholo mererong ea sets'oants'o sa matla a letsatsi le merero ea matla a moea moo ho tsamaisoa ka potlako le ho ts'epahala ho leng bohlokoa.

Ho SCOTECH, Monghali Li, moenjiniere oa transformer ea nang le phihlelo ea lilemo tse fetang 30, hangata o hlalosa setsi sa compact e le "sehlahisoa se shebahalang se le bonolo ka ntle, empa se itšetlehile haholo ka lintlha tsa boenjiniere ka hare."

 

2. Litlhoko tsa Setegeniki le Lintlha​​​​​​​

 

 

 

2.1 Litlhoko tsa Botekgeniki tsa mantlha

Sistimi e tlameha ho fihlela maemo a tlase a ts'ebetso a latelang:

• Ts'ebetso ea li-insulation: e tsitsitseng tlas'a maemo a matla a motlakase
• Bokhoni ba ho mamella-nako e khutšoanyane: E kholo ho feta kapa e lekana le 20kA / 3s
• Tekanyo ea ho nyoloha ha mocheso: Ka tlase ho kapa ho lekana le 65K
• Sehlopha sa tšireletso (ka ntle): ha se tlase ho IP23D
• Ho hanyetsa: Ka tlase ho kapa ho lekana le 4Ω
• E lumellana le maqhubu a marang-rang a sebaka (50Hz / 60Hz) ho itšetlehile ka sebaka sa morero

Mererong ea 'nete, mathata a ho thea fatše le a moea a atile haholo ho feta ho hloleha ha li-transformer ka botsona, haholo libakeng tse lebopong la leoatle le mongobo o phahameng-.

 

2.2 Maemo a Kakaretso a Tshebetso

Seteishene sa compact substation hangata se etselitsoe maemo a latelang a tikoloho:

• Thempereichara ea tikoloho: -40℃ho isa ho +40℃(e ka ikamahanya le maemo a leholimo a feteletseng)
• Altitude: Ka tlase ho kapa ho lekana le 1000m (boemo bo hodimo bo hloka moralo o nyenyefatsang)
• Ha ho na ho thothomela ho matla kapa ho thothomela ha mechine
• Ha ho na khase e senyang kapa tikoloho ea lerōle le boima
• Qoba libaka tse nang le likhohola{0}}tse atileng kapa tse tlase{1}} tse kenngoeng
• Ho hlokahala maemo a ts'ebetso a - a nang le moea o motle

Monghali Li o boletse hore merero ea lehoatata le merero ea lebopong la leoatle e kanna ea sebelisa sebopeho se ts'oanang sa compact substation, empa maano a kahare a ho thibela{1}corrosion le ho pholisa a ka fapana ka botlalo.

 

2.3 Lintlha tsa Taolo ea Litlhaloso tsa Setsebi

Ts'ebetsong ea boenjiniere, lintlha tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa li tlameha ho hlalosoa ka ho hlaka pele ho qotsa le ho etsa tlhahiso:

• Boemo bo reriloeng (kVA range)
• Boemo ba motlakase o hlophisitsoeng (10kV / 20kV / 35kV mekhoa)
• Litlhoko tsa mofuta oa likarolo (ABB, Schneider, Siemens, joalo-joalo)
• Boemo ba tshireletso (boemo ba IP)
• Lintho tse ka hare ho naha (tšepe kapa{0}}mohaho o seng oa tšepe)

Mekhahlelo ena e ama ka kotloloho sebopeho sa litšenyehelo, nako ea ho fana, le tlhophiso ea moralo oa compact substation. Li bohlokoa hape nakong ea tlhahlobo ea moetsi oa seteishene sa compact bakeng sa merero ea machabeng.

 

3. Maemo a Machaba le Tumellano

 

 

Bakeng sa merero ea lefats'e, ho latela maemo a machaba ho bohlokoa. Moralo oa seteishene o momahaneng o tlameha ho ikamahanya le IEC le litlhoko tsa grid ea lebatooa ho netefatsa kamohelo limmarakeng tse fapaneng.

 

3.1 Maemo a mantlha a IEC

Melao ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea machaba e kenyelletsa:

• IEC 62271-202: Liteishene tse entsoeng esale pele
• Letoto la IEC 60076: Li-transformer tsa matla
• IEC 60439 / IEC 61439: Likopano tse tlase{2}} tsa switchgear
• Letoto la IEC 62271: High{1}}switchgear le lisebelisoa tsa ho laola

Mererong ea mose ho maoatle, hangata bareki ba ela hloko litlaleho tsa FAT, data ea ho phahama ha mocheso, le setifikeiti sa likarolo ho fapana le nomoro e tloaelehileng ka boyona.

 

3.2 Liphapang tsa Maemo a Libaka

Limmaraka tse fapaneng li na le litebello tse fapaneng tsa ho latela melao. Europe e latela haholo litlhoko tsa IEC le CE, athe United States eona e sebelisa litekanyetso tsa ANSI/IEEE. Hangata merero ea Bochabela bo Hare e hloka tšebeliso-likhoutu tse khethehileng tsa grid, haholo bakeng sa-libaka tsa mocheso o phahameng.

 

4. Sebopeho sa Tsamaiso le Moralo oa Ts'ebetso

 

4.1 Phaposi ea Motlakase o Phahameng

The high{0}voltage compartment e sebetsana le taolo ea motlakase e kenang, switjha le ts'ireletso. Hangata e kenyelletsa li-circuit breakers, li-disconnector, li-transformer tsa hona joale, le li-surge arresters. Mosebetsi oa eona o ka sehloohong ke ho netefatsa khokahanyo e sireletsehileng ea grid le ho itšehla thajana.

 

4.2 Phaposi ea Transformer

Kamore ea li-transformer ke karolo ea mantlha ea phetoho ea matla. compact substation transformer e ka ba oli-ea qoelisoang kapa ea omella{{2}mofuta ho latela litlhoko tsa ts'ebeliso. Oli-mefuta e qoelisoang e sebelisoa haholo litsing tsa ka ntle ka lebaka la tšebetso e ntlafetseng ea pholileng, athe li-transformer-tse omileng li ratoa libakeng tse nang le bothata ba mollo{6}}.

 

4.3 Phaposi e Tlase{1}} ea Motlakase

The low{0}voltage compartment e ikarabella bakeng sa phepelo ea motlakase ea ho qetela, metering, protection, and reactive power compensation. E netefatsa matla a motlakase a tsitsitseng le ts'ebetso e bolokehileng bakeng sa basebelisi ba ho qetela.

 

5. Karolelano ea li-Compact Substations

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Sebopeho le ts'ebetso ea seteishene sa compact se fapana ho latela maemo a ts'ebeliso.

Ho ea ka pono ea ts'ebetso, litsamaiso li ka aroloa ka mefuta ea litsi- tsa mofuta oa liteishene le litsi tsa tlhahiso{1}} Ea ho qetela e atisa ho sebelisoa mererong ea setsi sa motlakase oa letsatsi le merero ea motlakase oa moea, moo motlakase o phahamisoang pele ho kopanngoa ha marang-rang.

Ho ea ka sebopeho, lipeakanyo li ka kenyelletsa-mofuta oa I,{1}}mofuta oa U{1}}, mofuta oa L-, le lipeakanyo tsa modular tsa setshelo. Mekhoa e fapaneng ea meralo ea li-compact substation e khethoa ho ipapisitsoe le sebaka sa ho kenya, meeli ea lipalangoang le litlhoko tsa tlhokomelo.

Ho ikamahanya le maemo ho boetse ho bohlokoa. Lits'ebetso tsa liteishene tse nyenyane li ka etsoa molemong oa hore mabōpo a se ke a bola, a sebetsa lehoatateng{1}}mocheso o phahameng, kapa{2}}maemo a hodimo.

 

6. Kakaretso ea Khetho ea Lisebelisoa tsa Motlakase

 

Seteishene sa compact se kopanya likarolo tse ngata tsa motlakase, se seng le se seng se khethiloe ho latela litlhoko tsa sistimi le maemo a moralo oa compact substation.

Likarolo tsa motlakase tse phahameng{{0}li kenyeletsa li-vacuum circuit breaker, li-load switch, li-isolator, li-transformer tse teng hona joale, le li-surge arrester. Tsena li netefatsa phetoho e bolokehileng le ts'ireletso ea matla a kenang.

Likarolo tsa motlakase tse tlase{{0}li kenyelletsa molded case circuit breaker, air circuit breaker, contactors, relay, metres, le capacitor banks. Ts'ebetso ea bona e ama ka kotloloho ho ts'epahala ha compact substation le boleng ba matla.

 

7. Melao-motheo ea Khetho ea Lisebelisoa

 

7.1 Leano la Khetho ea Sekheo sa Potoloho

Li-circuit breaker li ratoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa indasteri ka lebaka la matla a tsona a ho senya le bophelo bo bolelele ba ts'ebeletso. Li loketse ts'ebetso ea ho fetola khafetsa le maemo a phahameng a hona joale a phoso.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-switches tsa meroallo li bitsa chelete e ngata-'me li sebelisoa tsamaisong e tsitsitseng ea ho kenya thepa. Leha ho le joalo, ha li khone ho sitisa{2}}maqhubu a makhutšoane 'me li tlameha ho sebelisoa le li-fuse.

Bakeng sa merero e tsoang kantle ho naha, baetsi ba liteishene tse nyane le bona ba hloka ho netefatsa khetho ea mofuta, litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea matsoho kapa ea makoloi, le lintlha tsa ts'ebeliso pele ho khetho ea ho qetela.

 

7.2 Khetho e tlase ea Voltage Breaker

Li-voltage breaker tse tlase{{0}tse tlamehang ho khethoa ho ipapisitsoe le litšobotsi tsa mojaro:

• Lebelo la hona joale: 1.25-1.5 × mojaro oa hona joale
• Boemo ba motlakase: 0.4kV system standard
• Lipalo: 1P / 2P / 3P / 4P
• Ho senya matla: Maemo a Icu / Ics
• Khetho ea curve ea leeto e ipapisitseng le mofuta oa mojaro

Khetho e nepahetseng ea sekhechana e bohlokoa molemong oa ts'ireletso e akaretsang ea seteishene le botsitso ba nako e telele{0}.

 

8. Khetho ea Transformer le Moralo oa Bokhoni

 

The compact substation transformer ke karolo ea mantlha ea sistimi eohle. Hangata, khetho ea eona e ama ka kotloloho ts'ebetso e nepahetseng, ts'ebetso ea polokeho, le botsitso ba nako e telele-.

Oli-li-transformer tse qoelisoang li sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tsa kantle ka lebaka la ho tima mocheso hantle le theko e tlase haholo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-transformer- tsa mofuta o omileng, li atile haholo ka tlung kapa libakeng tseo ho seng bonolo ho li chesa{3}} moo litlhoko tsa polokeho li leng holimo.

Bokhoni hangata bo baloa ho ipapisitsoe le tlhoko ea 'nete ea mojaro, 'me karolo e eketsehileng ea 10-20% e boloketsoe katoloso ea nako e tlang. Boemo bo tloaelehileng hangata bo tloha ho 50kVA ho isa ho 2500kVA, ho latela boholo ba projeke le boemo ba ts'ebeliso.

Mererong ea matla a ka nchafatsoang, khetho ea compact substation transformer e boetse e ipapisitse le tlhahiso ea inverter, voltage ea grid, le maemo a tikoloho ea sebaka.

 

9. Sebopeho sa Sekoahelo le Moralo oa Mechini

 

Lisebelisoa

• Tšepe: tšepe, tšepe e sa hloekang, aluminium-lipoleiti tse koahetsoeng ka zinki
• E seng-tšepe: GRC, fiberglass e betsitsoeng ka konkreite, liphanele tse kopantsoeng

 

Likarolo tsa Sebopeho

• Moralo o kentsoeng ka ho feletseng, o thibelang boemo ba leholimo
• IP43 le ho feta boemo ba tshireletso
• Moralo oa lipalangoang o hlophisitsoeng kapa o kopaneng

Khetho ea thepa e koaletsoeng ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea moralo oa seteishene se kopaneng, haholo tikolohong e lebopong la leoatle, mongobo, kapa lehoatata moo ho hanyetsanang le kutu le ts'ebetso ea mocheso e bang bohlokoa haholo.

 

10. Litlhoko tsa Motheo le Tlhokomelo

 

Motheo o tsitsitseng o bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e sireletsehileng. Matla a konkreite ha a lokela ho ba ka tlase ho C30, 'me mamello ea boholo bo lokela ho ba ka har'a 5mm.

Motheo o lokela ho phahamisoa bonyane 300mm ka holim'a boemo ba fatše ho thibela ho bokellana ha metsi. Ho hanyetsa fatše ho tlameha ho bolokoa ka hare ho 4Ω, ho netefatsa tšireletso ea motlakase tlas'a maemo a phoso.

Sebaka se lekaneng sa tlhokomelo se lokela ho bolokoa ho potoloha thepa, hangata e se ka tlase ho 1.2m.

Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa ka ntle tsa compact substation, drainage e nepahetseng le kalafo{0}e thibelang kutu li boetse li khothaletsoa ho ntlafatsa ts'epo ea nako e telele-.

 

11. Tlhomamiso le Komisi

 

Pele ho matlafatsoa, ​​letoto la liteko tsa mantlha li tlameha ho phethoa, ho kenyeletsoa tlhahlobo ea ho hana ho kenya letsoho, netefatso ea motheo, licheke tsa phepelo ea ts'ireletso, le{0}}liteko tsa ts'ebetso ea ho kenya.

Nakong ea ho kenya, ho lumellana ha mochine pakeng tsa setsi sa compact substation le motheo ho tlameha ho netefatsoa ka nepo. Lihokelo tsa motlakase le tsona li hloka ho latela taolo e tiileng ea torque le litlhoko tsa ho kenya letsoho.

Ho ipapisitsoe le litlhoko tsa projeke, ho ka fanoa ka thuso eo u ka ikhethelang eona joalo ka tataiso ea khomishene kapa{0}}ka thuso ea tekheniki ea sebaka sa marang-rang ho netefatsa hore ts'ebetso e qala hantle le e tšepahalang.

Bakeng sa merero ea machaba ea EPC, bahlahisi ba bangata ba li-compact substations le bona ba fana ka litokomane tsa khomishene, lirekoto tsa FAT, le lits'ebeletso tsa tšehetso ea tekheniki e le karolo ea sephutheloana sa phano.

 

Qetello

Seteishene sa compact substation hajoale ke tharollo ea mantlha ea lits'ebetso tsa phepelo ea motlakase ea sejoale-joale. Ka tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea liteishene tsa motlakase oa letsatsi, liteishene tsa motlakase oa moea, le ntlafatso ea marang-rang ea litoropong, karolo ea litsamaiso tse nyane tse sebetsang mererong ea matla a lefats'e e ntse e tsoela pele ho hola.

Monghali Li o lumela hore merero ea nakong e tlang ea compact substation e tla lebisa tlhokomelo e kholo holim'a katleho ea lipalangoang, ho fetola modular, le ho kopanya matla a tsosolositsoeng ho e-na le mesebetsi ea motheo ea kabo ea matla feela.